南京地电阻率长趋势变化与区域应力调整的关系研究          下载免费PDF全文

王丽  叶青  周康雅  丁烨 《地震工程学报》2020,42(1):143-149,214

江苏南京台北南测道2013—2016年年初出现了与邻近的南京江宁台同步的地电阻率长趋势上升变化,2016年的年中出现了与江宁台和稍远距离的江苏高邮、新沂台同步的趋势下降变化。本文用年变形态、消除年变等数据处理方法并联系该区降雨量分析了南京台等地电阻率长程观测数据,基于视电阻率变化与地下介质内部骨架电阻率ρ°、裂隙水电阻率ρf、裂隙率ν之间的本构关系讨论了地电阻率趋势变化的原因,得到:该台南北向测道地电阻率趋势上升变化起因于台站及周边区域性地下介质的应力调整过程,动力来源可能是本区域地壳局部构造运动。  相似文献   

规则池塘群的复杂直线模式识别     

刘呈熠  武芳  巩现勇  行瑞星  罗登瀚 《测绘学报》2020,49(2):256-266

针对现有面要素直线模式识别方法难以解决规则池塘中破碎区域的问题,提出了一种规则池塘群的复杂直线模式识别方法。首先,分析了规则池塘群的空间特征和认知特点,提出了“主次关系→并列关系→直线模式→复杂直线模式”的多层次认知顺序;其次,设计了主次关系池塘组、并列关系池塘组、直线模式池塘群的识别方法;最后,构建了复杂直线模式池塘群的识别模型。试验表明:本文方法能够消除破碎区域对规则池塘群直线模式提取的不利影响,有效提升复杂直线模式识别的质量。  相似文献   

PALEO-EARTHQUAKE STUDY METHODS ON BEDROCK FAULT SURFACE—HISTORY,CURRENT SITUATION,SUGGESTIONS AND PROSPECTS          下载免费PDF全文

ZOU Jun-jie  HE Hong-lin  YOKOYAMA Yosuke  WEI Zhan-yu  SHI Feng  HAO Hai-jian  ZHUANG Qi-tian  SUN Wen  ZHOU Chao  SHIRAHAMA Yoshiki 《地震地质》2019,41(6):1539-1562

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Long‐term streamflow trends in Hawai'i and implications for native stream fauna     

Hannah M. Clilverd  Yin‐Phan Tsang  Dana M. Infante  Abigail J. Lynch  Ayron M. Strauch 《水文研究》2019,33(5):699-719

Climate change has fundamentally altered the water cycle in tropical islands, which is a critical driver of freshwater ecosystems. To examine how changes in streamflow regime have impacted habitat quality for native migratory aquatic species, we present a 50‐year (1967–2016) analysis of hydrologic records in 23 unregulated streams across the five largest Hawaiian Islands. For each stream, flow was separated into direct run‐off and baseflow and high‐ and low‐flow statistics (i.e., Q10 and Q90) with ecologically important hydrologic indices (e.g., frequency of flooding and low flow duration) derived. Using Mann–Kendall tests with a running trend analysis, we determined the persistence of streamflow trends through time. We analysed native stream fauna from ~400 sites, sampled from 1992 to 2007, to assess species richness among islands and streams. Declines in streamflow metrics indicated a general drying across the islands. In particular, significant declines in low flow conditions (baseflows), were experienced in 57% of streams, compared with a significant decline in storm flow conditions for 22% of streams. The running trend analysis indicated that many of the significant downward trends were not persistent through time but were only significant if recent decades (1987–2016) were included, with an average decline in baseflow and run‐off of 10.90% and 8.28% per decade, respectively. Streams that supported higher native species diversity were associated with moderate discharge and baseflow index, short duration of low flows, and negligible downward trends in flow. A significant decline in dry season flows (May–October) has led to an increase in the number of no‐flow days in drier areas, indicating that more streams may become intermittent, which has important implications for mauka to makai (mountain to ocean) hydrological connectivity and management of Hawai'i's native migratory freshwater fauna.  相似文献   

Impacts of small cascaded hydropower plants on river discharge in a basin in Southern China     

Xu Xiao  Xiaohong Chen  Lilan Zhang  Rouyi Lai  Jie Liu 《水文研究》2019,33(10):1420-1433

The run‐off volume altered by the construction of hydropower plants affects ecohydrological processes in catchments. Although the impacts of large hydropower plants have been well documented in the literature, few studies have been conducted on the impacts of small cascaded hydropower plants (SCHPs). To evaluate the impacts of SCHPs on river flow, we chose a representative basin affected by hydropower projects and, to a lesser degree, by other human activities, that is, the Qiuxiang River basin in Southern China. The observed river discharge and climate data during the period of 1958–2016 were investigated. The datasets were divided into a low‐impact period and a high‐impact period based on the number of SCHPs and the capacities of the reservoirs. The daily river discharge alteration was assessed by applying the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration. To separate the impact of the SCHPs on the local river discharge from that of climate‐related precipitation, the back‐propagation neural network was used to simulate the monthly average river discharge process. An abnormal result was found: Unlike large reservoirs in large watersheds, the SCHPs regulated the flows during the flood season but were not able to mitigate the droughts during the dry season due to their limited storage and the commonly occurring inappropriate interregulations of the SCHPs. The SCHPs also reduced the annual average river discharge in the research basin. The contribution of the SCHPs to the river discharge changes was 85.37%, much higher than the contributions of climate change (13.43%) and other human activities (1.20%). The results demonstrated that the impacts of the SCHPs were different from those of large dams and reservoirs that regulate floods and relieve droughts. It is necessary to raise the awareness of the impacts of these river barriers.  相似文献   

地磁低点时间与经度的相关性分析          下载免费PDF全文

马亮 《地震工程学报》2019,41(3):763-769

地磁低点时间在空间分布上的主要特征是随着经度变化而变化。为了求出这种变化关系的解析式,首先使用国家地磁台网的数据计算甘肃省近三年13个地磁台站的低点时间序列和低点时间的期望,并绘制了低点时间序列的频次分布图和概率密度曲线;然后对低点时间与台站经度的关系做线性回归,并指出这个线性回归方程应无限趋近于"格林尼治时间-经度"关系式。文章第一次提出台站经度与地磁Z分量低点时间的关系式,并提出它的趋近方程。各台站低点时间的期望就是地磁低点时间的正常背景值,它是判定地磁低点时间异常与否的参考标准。本文的工作完善和发展了丁鉴海先生的地磁低点位移法。  相似文献   

Response of hybrid isolation system during a shake table experiment of a full‐scale isolated building     

Keri L. Ryan  Taichiro Okazaki  Camila B. Coria  Eiji Sato  Tomohiro Sasaki 《地震工程与结构动力学》2018,47(11):2214-2232

A full‐scale 5‐story steel moment frame building was subjected to a series of earthquake excitations using the E‐Defense shake table in August, 2011. For one of the test configurations, the building was seismically isolated by a hybrid system of lead‐rubber bearings and low friction roller bearings known as cross‐linear bearings, and was designed for a very rare 100 000‐year return period earthquake at a Central and Eastern US soil site. The building was subject to 15 trials including sinusoidal input, recorded motions and simulated earthquakes, 2D and 3D input, and a range of intensities including some beyond the design basis level. The experimental program was one of the first system‐level full‐scale validations of seismic isolation and the first known full‐scale experiment of a hybrid isolation system incorporating lead‐rubber and low friction bearings. Stable response of the hybrid isolation system was demonstrated at displacement demands up to 550 mm and shear strain in excess of 200%. Torsional amplifications were within the new factor stipulated by the code provisions. Axial force was observed to transfer from the lead‐rubber bearings to the cross‐linear bearings at large displacements, and the force transfer at large displacements exceeded that predicted by basic calculations. The force transfer occurred primarily because of the flexural rigidity of the base diaphragm and the larger vertical stiffness of the cross‐linear bearings relative to the lead‐rubber bearings.  相似文献   

Inter- and intra-annual trend analysis of water level and flow in the middle and lower reaches of the Ganjiang River,China     

Di Zhu  Yue Ben  Xinfa Xu 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(12):2128-2141

ABSTRACT

The Ganjiang River is the largest tributary of Poyang Lake in China, and its hydrological regime variation greatly affects the utilization of regional water resources and the ecological environment of the lake. In this study, a novel trend analysis method, the Moving Average over Shifting Horizon (MASH), was applied to investigate the inter- and intra-annual trends of flow and water level from 1976 to 2016 at the Xiajiang and the Waizhou hydrological stations in the Ganjiang River. The Significant Change Rate Method (SCRM) was proposed to determine the MASH averaging parameters. The trend analysis results show a statistically significant decrease in water level series throughout the year and the relationship of flow and water level have changed greatly at the Waizhou station. The sediment load reduction, large-scale sand mining and water level decrease of Poyang Lake are identified as the main causes for the water level decrease.  相似文献   

The effect of leaf-on and leaf-off forest canopy conditions on LiDAR derived estimations of forest structural diversity     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

Forest structural diversity metrics describing diversity in tree size and crown shape within forest stands can be used as indicators of biodiversity. These diversity metrics can be generated using airborne laser scanning (LiDAR) data to provide a rapid and cost effective alternative to ground-based inspection. Measures of tree height derived from LiDAR can be significantly affected by the canopy conditions at the time of data collection, in particular whether the canopy is under leaf-on or leaf-off conditions, but there have been no studies of the effects on structural diversity metrics. The aim of this research is to assess whether leaf-on/leaf-off changes in canopy conditions during LiDAR data collection affect the accuracy of calculated forest structural diversity metrics. We undertook a quantitative analysis of LiDAR ground detection and return height, and return height diversity from two airborne laser scanning surveys collected under leaf-on and leaf-off conditions to assess initial dataset differences. LiDAR data were then regressed against field-derived tree size diversity measurements using diversity metrics from each LiDAR dataset in isolation and, where appropriate, a mixture of the two. Models utilising leaf-off LiDAR diversity variables described DBH diversity, crown length diversity and crown width diversity more successfully than leaf-on (leaf-on models resulted in R² values of 0.66, 0.38 and 0.16, respectively, and leaf-off models 0.67, 0.37 and 0.23, respectively). When LiDAR datasets were combined into one model to describe tree height diversity and DBH diversity the models described 75% and 69% of the variance (R² of 0.75 for tree height diversity and 0.69 for DBH diversity). The results suggest that tree height diversity models derived from airborne LiDAR, collected (and where appropriate combined) under any seasonal conditions, can be used to differentiate between simple single and diverse multiple storey forest structure with confidence.  相似文献   

融合多源时空数据的城市火灾危险性评估     

赵晓旭 《测绘通报》2020,(5):101-106

城市层面的火灾风险评估主要包括火灾危险性、危害性及救援能力等方面。本文选取火灾危险性评估进行针对性研究，在大数据思维的指导下，以相关关系代替因果关系，采用多源数据对评估指标权重、分值进行率定，得出福州市城区火灾危险性时空分布图。首先利用高德地图API对消防历史出警记录进行地址解析，将近万条火灾出警地址空间落点，获得福州市历史火灾空间分布；然后综合城市用地性质现状、用地开发性质、人口分布热力图等多源异构数据，探索其与历史火灾空间分布的相关性；最后以福州城区为例，初步实现具有充分数理支撑的火灾危险性评估方法，形成火灾危险性动态评估成果，为城市消防规划等提供支撑和依据。  相似文献